Indian Current Affairs News Digest
Date: January 23, 2026
Compiled from 15+ leading Indian news sources
Your daily exam-focused news digest covering critical developments across governance, economy, international relations, science, and sports. Every article verified from original newspaper sources.
Today’s Top 10 Recall Points (Snapshot)
- Military Technology: CDS General Anil Chauhan released the Military Quantum Mission Policy Framework.
- Judiciary: Supreme Court dismissed a PIL challenging BCCI’s status as “Team India.”
- Rural Welfare: Centre considers dual funding for MGNREGA and the new VB-G RAM G scheme.
- Banking: RBI injected ₹50,000 crore liquidity through government securities purchases.
- Climate Change: UN High Seas Treaty officially takes effect to protect global ocean biodiversity.
- State Politics: ECI allotted the ‘Whistle’ symbol to Vijay’s TVK party in Tamil Nadu.
- Diplomacy: India withdrew families of officials from Bangladesh due to security concerns.
- Sports: India defeated New Zealand by 48 runs in the 1st T20I at Nagpur.
- Energy: Union Minister Pralhad Joshi addressed the WEF in Davos on clean energy.
- Space: Indian-origin NASA astronaut Sunita Williams officially retired after a 27-year career.
1. STATE AFFAIRS
ECI Allots ‘Whistle’ Symbol to Vijay’s Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
Summary: The Election Commission of India allotted official symbols to actor-led parties for the 2026 TN elections.
On January 22, 2026, the Election Commission of India (ECI) officially allotted the ‘Whistle’ symbol to Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK), the political party founded by actor Vijay. This move marks a significant milestone for the party as it prepares for the upcoming 2026 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections. Simultaneously, the ECI allotted the ‘Battery Torch’ symbol to Kamal Haasan’s Makkal Needhi Maiam (MNM). The allotment of symbols is a crucial procedural step under the Symbols Order, 1968, which governs the recognition and allocation of election symbols to registered political parties.
For aspirants, this highlights the role of the ECI in managing regional political landscapes and the legal framework of the Symbols Order. It also reflects the evolving multi-polar nature of Tamil Nadu politics. The timing is vital as parties begin formalizing their grassroots campaigns ahead of the state polls.
Source: The Hindu
Karnataka Governor Flags Deletion of 11 Paragraphs in Joint Session Speech
Summary: Governor Thaawarchand Gehlot raised constitutional objections over references to the Centre’s repeal of MGNREGA.
During the joint session of the Karnataka Legislature on January 22, 2026, Governor Thaawarchand Gehlot expressed strong reservations regarding 11 paragraphs in the speech drafted by the State Cabinet. The disputed sections contained sharp criticisms of the Central Government’s decision to replace the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) with the Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Aajeevika Mission (Gramin). The Governor, exercising discretion under Article 176(1) of the Constitution, insisted on skipping these portions, arguing they were factually inconsistent with the newly passed Central Act.
This development is a classic example of the “Governor vs. State Government” friction frequently seen in Indian federalism. For UPSC aspirants, it is a key study in Article 176 (Special Address by the Governor) and the extent of a Governor’s discretionary power to deviate from a Cabinet-approved speech.
Source: The New Indian Express
Ten Soldiers Killed in Road Accident in Jammu & Kashmir’s Doda
Summary: A major tragedy occurred as an Army vehicle plunged into a deep gorge in Doda district.
On January 22, 2026, ten Indian Army soldiers lost their lives and 11 others were injured when their vehicle skidded off the road and fell into a deep gorge in the Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir. The accident took place around noon at the high-altitude Khanni Top area, situated 9,000 feet above sea level, along the Bhaderwah-Chamba interstate road. Rescue operations were immediately launched by the Army and local police. The injured personnel were airlifted to the Command Hospital for advanced medical treatment.
This incident underscores the extreme operational risks faced by security forces in mountainous terrains and the challenges of infrastructure safety in border regions. From an exam perspective, it highlights the strategic importance of the Bhaderwah-Chamba road and the logistical hurdles in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Source: The Hindu
2. NATIONAL AFFAIRS
CDS General Anil Chauhan Releases Military Quantum Mission Policy Framework
Summary: India took a major leap in defense technology by formalizing the roadmap for Quantum tech in the Armed Forces.
On January 22, 2026, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan released the “Military Quantum Mission Policy Framework” in New Delhi. This comprehensive document outlines the roadmap for integrating Quantum Technologies into the Tri-Services (Army, Navy, and Air Force). The mission focuses on four critical pillars: Quantum Communication, Quantum Computing, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, and Quantum Materials. The primary objective is to achieve technological dominance in future battlefields where secure communication and high-speed data processing will be decisive.
For competitive exams, this is a vital update under “Science and Tech” and “Internal Security.” The policy aligns with the National Quantum Mission and signifies India’s intent to move beyond classical computing in defense. Aspirants should note the four pillars as they are frequently asked in objective questions.
Source: Press Information Bureau
Supreme Court Dismisses PIL Challenging BCCI’s ‘Team India’ Status
Summary: The Apex Court termed a plea against BCCI using the national name and flag as “frivolous” and a waste of time.
A three-judge bench led by Chief Justice Surya Kant on January 22, 2026, dismissed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) that sought to stop the BCCI from representing itself as “Team India.” The petitioner had alleged that the BCCI, being a private body, violates the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950, by using the national flag and name. The Court upheld a previous Delhi High Court order, stating that the BCCI enjoys implicit state support and international sanction from the ICC. It warned against the misuse of PILs for symbolic grievances.
This judgment is significant for aspirants studying the legal status of sports bodies in India and the doctrine of “Locus Standi” in PILs. It reinforces the precedent set in State of Uttaranchal v. Balwant Singh Chaufal regarding the prevention of frivolous litigation.
Source: Supreme Today AI
Centre Proposes Dual Funding for MGNREGA and VB-G RAM G Transition
Summary: To ensure smooth rural employment, the Centre will fund both the old and new schemes during a transition phase.
The Union Government announced on January 22, 2026, that it is considering a dual allocation strategy for rural employment. As the Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Aajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G) Act, 2025, is yet to be fully notified, the Centre will provide funding for both MGNREGA and the new scheme for the next six months. Officials indicated a budgetary support of ₹1,51,282 crore for the new mission, while MGNREGA maintains its ₹86,000 crore outlay. The new Act mandates a 60:40 cost-sharing ratio between the Centre and the States.
This is a high-priority topic for UPSC and Banking exams under “Social Justice” and “Socio-Economic Development.” Understanding the 60:40 funding pattern and the transition from a demand-driven scheme to the “Viksit Bharat” framework is essential for Mains answers.
Source: The New Indian Express
3. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
India Withdraws Families of Officials from Bangladesh Amid Security Fears
Summary: New Delhi moved to ensure the safety of diplomatic families ahead of the Bangladesh parliamentary elections.
In a significant diplomatic move on January 22, 2026, India decided to withdraw the families of its officials posted in Bangladesh. The Ministry of External Affairs cited deteriorating security conditions in the neighboring country as the reason for this “non-emergency” evacuation. The move comes just weeks before the scheduled parliamentary elections in Bangladesh, which have seen increased political volatility. However, Indian diplomatic missions in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Sylhet, and Khulna remain functional with essential staff to maintain bilateral ties and assist Indian nationals.
For aspirants, this event underscores the complexities of “Neighbourhood First” policy. It is crucial for understanding India-Bangladesh relations, regional stability in South Asia, and the protocols followed for diplomatic security during foreign political unrest.
Source: Indian Express
Donald Trump Establishes ‘Board of Peace’ for Gaza at Davos
Summary: During the WEF 2026, the US President signed a charter for a new international body to resolve global conflicts.
On January 22, 2026, at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland, U.S. President Donald Trump signed the charter for the “Board of Peace.” This new international organization is billed as a body specifically designed to resolve long-standing international conflicts, with its immediate focus being the Gaza crisis. Founding members joined the signing ceremony, which Trump claimed would bypass traditional bureaucratic delays of the UN. White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt confirmed the charter is now in full force, marking a shift in US-led multilateral diplomacy.
This news is relevant for “International Relations” and “Global Groupings.” It represents a potential challenge or alternative to existing UN frameworks. Aspirants should track how this “Board of Peace” interacts with the UN Security Council in the coming months.
Source: The Hindu
UN Treaty to Protect Ocean Biodiversity (High Seas Treaty) Takes Effect
Summary: A historic global compact has officially entered into force to regulate environmental rules over international waters.
January 22, 2026, marked the official commencement of the UN High Seas Treaty, also known as the Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ). The treaty establishes a legal framework for the “high seas”—roughly two-thirds of the world’s oceans that lie beyond the 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zones of nations. It aims to establish marine protected areas, mandate environmental impact assessments for deep-sea activities, and ensure the “fair and equitable sharing” of benefits from marine genetic resources. This is the first treaty of its kind in over 40 years since UNCLOS.
This is a massive update for “Environment” and “International Law.” The concept of “Common Heritage of Humankind” is a key term for exams. Aspirants should know that the treaty covers 50% of the Earth’s surface and addresses gaps in ocean governance.
Source: Courthouse News
4. ECONOMY & FINANCE
RBI Injects ₹50,000 Crore via Government Securities Purchase
Summary: The Reserve Bank of India conducted the final tranche of its liquidity injection plan to stabilize the banking system.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on January 22, 2026, executed a purchase of government securities worth ₹50,000 crore. This was the fourth and final tranche of a ₹2.90 lakh crore liquidity injection program announced in late 2025. The move is designed to ease the liquidity crunch in the banking system and manage the volatility of the Rupee against the Dollar. By buying back bonds, the RBI releases cash into the economy, helping banks maintain their credit flow to sectors like MSMEs and housing.
For Banking and SSC aspirants, this is an example of “Open Market Operations” (OMO), a key tool of monetary policy. Understanding how OMO affects the money supply and interest rates is a fundamental requirement for the economic section of competitive exams.
Source: The Hindu
Payoneer Receives In-Principle RBI Authorization for Cross-Border Payments
Summary: The global fintech firm can now operate as a Cross-Border Payment Aggregator (PA-CB) in India.
On January 22, 2026, Payoneer announced that it has received in-principle authorization from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a Payment Aggregator – Cross Border (PA-CB). This authorization allows the company to facilitate both inward and outward cross-border transactions for Indian small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). This is a significant regulatory milestone that will help Indian exporters, projected to exceed $850 billion by late 2026, to access a broader range of payment products and streamlined KYC processes.
This news is important for “Banking Awareness” and “Digital Economy.” The PA-CB framework is a relatively new regulatory category by the RBI aimed at bringing transparency and security to international trade payments made by small players.
Source: Payoneer Investor Relations
Indian Equities Snap Losing Streak; Sensex Rises 398 Points
Summary: Positive global cues and signs of a US-India trade deal lifted investor sentiment on the BSE and NSE.
The Indian stock market ended its three-day losing streak on January 22, 2026. The BSE Sensex closed at 82,307.37, up 398 points, while the NSE Nifty ended at 25,290. The rally was driven by comments from US President Donald Trump regarding a “great” trade deal between the US and India, alongside easing geopolitical tensions in Europe. Sectors such as Metals and selective PSUs like Union Bank of India saw significant buying interest. However, banking stocks remained under pressure due to Net Interest Margin (NIM) concerns.
Stock market milestones are relevant for the “General Awareness” section of Banking and Insurance exams. The mention of the “US-India Trade Deal” framework is the primary macro-economic driver here, which aspirants should link to bilateral economic relations.
Source: Business Standard
5. SPORTS
India Defeats New Zealand by 48 Runs in 1st T20I at Nagpur
Summary: A dominant performance by the Indian bowlers led to a victory in the series opener at Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium.
On January 22, 2026 (night of Jan 21), India secured a 48-run victory against New Zealand in the first match of the five-match T20I series held at the Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium in Nagpur. Batting first, India set a competitive total, which the Kiwis failed to chase down as they were bowled out cheaply. This match also marked the successful return of wicketkeeper-batsman Ishan Kishan to the national setup after a two-year hiatus. The win gives India a 1-0 lead as they prepare for the upcoming T20 World Cup.
Sports news is a staple for SSC and Railway exams. Key facts to remember are the venue (Nagpur), the opponent (New Zealand), and the significant comeback of Ishan Kishan.
Source: DD News
Bangladesh Boycotts T20 World Cup Matches in India
Summary: The Bangladesh Cricket Board refused to play in India after the ICC rejected their request to shift venues.
In a dramatic development on January 22, 2026, Bangladesh’s youth and sports adviser Asif Nazrul announced that the country will not participate in the T20 World Cup matches scheduled to be held in India. The decision comes after the International Cricket Council (ICC) rejected a request from the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) to shift their league matches to Sri Lanka due to security and political tensions. The ICC maintained that the matches will proceed as scheduled in India. Reports suggest Scotland may replace Bangladesh in Group C of the tournament.
This event has major implications for “International Sports Governance.” It highlights the intersection of politics and sports in South Asia. Aspirants should note the potential replacement team and the ICC’s stance on tournament hosting rights.
Source: The Hindu
Sindhu and Lakshya Advance to Quarterfinals of Indonesia Masters
Summary: Indian badminton stars PV Sindhu and Lakshya Sen continued their winning streak in Jakarta.
At the Indonesia Masters tournament in Jakarta on January 22, 2026, double Olympic medalist PV Sindhu and Commonwealth Games champion Lakshya Sen advanced to the quarterfinals. Sindhu showcased her trademark aggression to overcome her opponent in straight sets, while Lakshya Sen battled through a three-game thriller at the Istora Senayan stadium. Other Indian shuttlers, including Aakarshi Kashyap and Anmol Kharb, also made progress in the earlier rounds of the main draw, signaling a strong showing for the Indian contingent.
Badminton is a high-yield area for “Awards and Sports” questions in State PSCs. Knowing the venue (Istora Senayan, Jakarta) and the progress of top-tier athletes like Sindhu and Sen is essential for current affairs sections.
Source: DD News
6. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
Union Minister Pralhad Joshi Highlights Clean Energy Growth at Davos
Summary: India has achieved 267 GW of installed non-fossil energy capacity, accounting for 52% of total power.
Addressing a high-level session at the World Economic Forum in Davos on January 22, 2026, Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy Pralhad Joshi stated that India’s energy transition is now a tool for industrial growth. He revealed that India has achieved 267 GW of installed non-fossil energy capacity, which constitutes 52% of the country’s total power capacity—surpassing earlier targets. The Minister also discussed deepening cooperation with Zimbabwe for solar solutions and announced plans for green hydrogen and decentralized energy systems in rural areas.
This is a critical update for “Sustainable Development” and “Government Schemes.” The 52% non-fossil share is a significant milestone for India’s Panchamrit goals. Aspirants should also note the partnership with Zimbabwe and the STAR-C Centre initiative.
Source: Press Information Bureau
NASA Astronaut Sunita Williams Retires After 27-Year Career
Summary: The Indian-origin space veteran retired after her final mission involving a prolonged stay at the ISS.
NASA officially announced the retirement of veteran astronaut Sunita Williams on January 22, 2026. Williams, who had been at the International Space Station (ISS) for several months due to technical delays with the Boeing Starliner, capped a legendary 27-year career. She completed three major space missions and spent a total of 608 days in space, setting multiple records for female astronauts. Her retirement took effect at the end of December 2025, but the formal ceremony and public announcement were held this Thursday.
Sunita Williams is a frequent figure in “Science and Personality” questions. For exams, remember her total space duration (608 days) and her Indian heritage, which makes her a recurring topic in Indian competitive exams.
Source: Indian Express
Research Reveals Mid-Ocean Ridges as Major Drivers of Deep Carbon Cycle
Summary: A new study challenges the long-held belief that volcanic arcs are the primary source of atmospheric carbon.
Scientific findings published on January 22, 2026, suggest that mid-ocean ridges and continental rifts—where tectonic plates spread apart—play a more significant role in Earth’s carbon cycle than previously thought. Historically, volcanic arcs (convergent plates) were blamed for injecting CO2 into the atmosphere. However, the study shows that deep-sea sediments carry massive amounts of carbon that are released during subduction. This “deep carbon cycle” has regulated Earth’s greenhouse and icehouse climates over the last 540 million years.
This is a high-level “Geography and Environment” update. For UPSC Mains, this provides a nuanced argument about plate tectonics and climate regulation. Understanding the difference between volcanic arcs and mid-ocean ridges in the context of carbon sequestration is key.
Source: News Arena India
7. OTHERS
Supreme Court Suggests Using Blockchain for Land Record Digitization
Summary: To prevent forgery and litigation, the Apex Court urged governments to adopt tamper-proof technologies.
On January 22, 2026, the Supreme Court of India suggested that the Union and State Governments adopt secure, tamper-proof technologies like Blockchain for the digitization of land records. A bench of Justices emphasized that such technology would minimize prolonged litigation arising from disputes over the authenticity of property documents. The Court noted that current digital records are still susceptible to manipulation and that a decentralized ledger system would provide the necessary security to protect property rights.
This is an important development in “Governance” and “E-Technology.” Blockchain application in land reforms is a specific topic under the GS-2 and GS-3 syllabus for UPSC. It links to the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP).
Source: LiveLaw
6th Edition of Khelo India Winter Games Begins in Leh, Ladakh
Summary: The winter sports extravaganza kicked off at the NDS Stadium with 367 athletes participating.
The sixth edition of the Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2026 officially commenced at the NDS Stadium in Leh, Ladakh, on January 22, 2026. This year’s games feature hundreds of athletes from across the country competing in disciplines like ice hockey, ice skating, and snow skiing. The event is part of the Indian government’s “Khelo India” initiative to promote sports culture and identify talent at the grassroots level, specifically leveraging the unique terrain of the Himalayan regions.
Aspirants should note the edition (6th) and the venue (Leh). KIWG is a recurring topic in “National Events” for all major competitive exams. It also highlights the government’s focus on the development of the Union Territory of Ladakh.
Source: DD News
ISRO Scientist A Sivathanu Pillai Advocates for India’s UNSC Seat
Summary: At the 167th Convocation of University of Madras, the BrahMos architect highlighted India’s $30 trillion potential.
Speaking at the 167th convocation of the University of Madras on January 22, 2026, renowned ISRO scientist and former BrahMos CEO Dr. A Sivathanu Pillai stated that India is uniquely qualified for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. He highlighted that with a sustained 7% GDP growth, India could become a $30 trillion economy by 2047. He also touched upon ISRO’s success in launching 433 foreign satellites and the future of “Space Tourism” as a revenue generator for the country.
This news is useful for “General Awareness” and “International Relations” interviews. The $30 trillion economy target for 2047 (Viksit Bharat) and the success of the BrahMos missile are key factual points to remember.
Source: Times of India
QUICK REVISION TOOLKIT (Core Recall Points)
1. National & State Governance
- ECI Symbol Allotment to TVK: ‘Whistle’ symbol allotted to actor Vijay’s Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam for TN 2026 elections.
- Significance: Tests knowledge of Symbols Order, 1968, and ECI’s role in electoral democracy.
- Karnataka Governor vs. Cabinet Dispute: Governor Thaawarchand Gehlot deleted 11 paragraphs critical of Centre’s MGNREGA replacement in joint session speech.
- Significance: Article 176(1) of Constitution; Governor’s discretionary powers and Centre-State relations.
- Jammu & Kashmir Road Accident: 10 Army soldiers killed in gorge accident at Khanni Top (9,000 ft), Doda district.
- Significance: Operational risks in border regions and infrastructure challenges in J&K UT.
- Supreme Court on Blockchain for Land Records: SC recommended tamper-proof tech like Blockchain for digitizing land records to prevent litigation.
- Significance: E-Governance innovation; Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP).
- Khelo India Winter Games 2026: 6th edition began in Leh, Ladakh, with 367 athletes in ice hockey, skating, and skiing.
- Significance: Government initiative for sports development; focus on UT of Ladakh.
2. National Affairs & Defence
- Military Quantum Mission Policy Framework: CDS Gen. Anil Chauhan released framework covering 4 pillars—Quantum Communication, Computing, Sensing & Metrology, and Materials.
- Significance: Defence technology; alignment with National Quantum Mission for strategic advantage.
- Supreme Court Dismisses BCCI PIL: SC dismissed PIL challenging BCCI’s use of “Team India” name and national flag as frivolous.
- Significance: Legal status of sports bodies; Emblems and Names Act, 1950; PIL doctrine and Locus Standi.
- Dual Funding for MGNREGA & VB-G RAM G: Centre to fund both schemes for 6 months during transition; ₹1,51,282 crore for VB-G RAM G, ₹86,000 crore for MGNREGA.
- Significance: Rural employment schemes; 60:40 Centre-State cost-sharing; Viksit Bharat framework.
3. International Relations
- India Withdraws Families from Bangladesh: MEA cited security concerns ahead of Bangladesh elections; diplomatic missions remain functional.
- Significance: “Neighbourhood First” policy; India-Bangladesh bilateral relations and diplomatic protocols.
- Trump’s ‘Board of Peace’ for Gaza: US President signed charter at WEF Davos 2026 for new conflict-resolution body bypassing UN.
- Significance: International diplomacy; alternative to UN frameworks; focus on Gaza crisis resolution.
- UN High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) Takes Effect: Treaty covers 50% of Earth’s surface beyond 200-nautical-mile EEZ; first in 40 years since UNCLOS.
- Significance: International Environmental Law; “Common Heritage of Humankind” principle; ocean governance.
4. Economy & Finance
- RBI OMO Liquidity Injection: ₹50,000 crore G-sec purchase—4th and final tranche of ₹2.90 lakh crore program.
- Significance: Open Market Operations (OMO); monetary policy tool; banking liquidity management.
- Payoneer Gets RBI PA-CB Authorization: In-principle approval to operate as Cross-Border Payment Aggregator for SMBs.
- Significance: Digital payments; RBI’s PA-CB regulatory framework; support for ₹850 billion export target.
- Sensex Rises 398 Points: BSE Sensex closed at 82,307.37; NSE Nifty at 25,290 driven by US-India trade deal optimism.
- Significance: Stock market trends; bilateral trade relations; NIM concerns in banking stocks.
5. Science, Environment & Technology
- India’s Non-Fossil Energy at 52%: 267 GW installed capacity announced by Minister Pralhad Joshi at WEF Davos.
- Significance: Climate goals; Panchamrit commitments; Zimbabwe solar partnership; green hydrogen plans.
- Sunita Williams Retires: Indian-origin NASA astronaut retired after 27-year career; 608 days total in space across 3 missions.
- Significance: Space exploration milestone; Indian diaspora achievements; ISS operations.
- Mid-Ocean Ridges Drive Carbon Cycle: New research shows spreading plate boundaries regulate climate more than volcanic arcs.
- Significance: Plate tectonics and climate science; deep carbon cycle over 540 million years.
6. Sports
- India Wins 1st T20I vs New Zealand: 48-run victory at Nagpur’s VCA Stadium; Ishan Kishan’s comeback after 2 years.
- Significance: T20 World Cup preparation; India leads series 1-0.
- Bangladesh Boycotts T20 World Cup in India: After ICC rejected venue shift request; Scotland may replace in Group C.
- Significance: Politics in sports; ICC tournament governance; India-Bangladesh tensions.
- Sindhu & Lakshya in Indonesia Masters QF: Both advanced to quarterfinals at Istora Senayan, Jakarta.
- Significance: International badminton achievements; tracking major tournament performances.
7. Others
- ISRO Scientist on India’s UNSC Bid: Dr. A Sivathanu Pillai advocated for permanent seat; cited ₹30 trillion economy target by 2047.
- Significance: India’s global aspirations; Viksit Bharat vision; ISRO’s 433 foreign satellite launches.
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