Indian Current Affairs News Digest

Date: November 01, 2025

Compiled from 15+ leading Indian news sources

Your daily exam-focused news digest covering critical developments across governance, economy, international relations, science, and sports. Every article verified from original newspaper sources.

🚀 TODAY’S TOP 10 RECALL POINTS (SNAPSHOT)

53rd CJI Appointment: Justice Surya Kant was appointed as the 53rd Chief Justice of India, effective November 24, 2025.
Tri-Service Exercise: India launched the major tri-Service military exercise ‘Trishul’ along the western border, spanning Gujarat and Rajasthan.
MDoNER Special Campaign: The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) concluded Special Campaign 5.0, freeing up 3,664 sq. ft. of office space.
India-Afghanistan Aid: India committed to supporting Taliban-governed Afghanistan in building hydroelectric projects.
WC Final Qualification: Cricketer Jemimah Rodrigues scored an unbeaten 127 to guide India to a record ODI chase of 339 against Australia in the Women’s World Cup semi-final.
Pro Wrestling Relaunch: The Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) announced the relaunch of the Pro Wrestling League (PWL) in January 2026.
Great Nicobar Project: The Centre defended the ₹92,000 crore Great Nicobar project at the NGT, outlining a 30-year mitigation plan until 2052.
Global Climate Distress: A new report highlighted that 22 out of 34 key planetary health indicators hit record highs, with CO₂ exceeding 430 ppm in May 2025.
Bengal BLOs: The Election Commission of India (ECI) received acceptance from nearly all of the 143 reluctant Booth Level Officers (BLOs) in West Bengal following an ultimatum.
Legislative Department Campaign: The Legislative Department, Ministry of Law & Justice, also concluded its Special Campaign 5.0 for swachhata and pendency minimization.

MAIN CONTENT: 7 MANDATORY CATEGORIES

1. STATE AFFAIRS (3 Articles)

ECI Deadline Spurs Action from Reluctant Bengal BLOs

Summary: The Election Commission of India’s ultimatum led to nearly all of the 143 reluctant Booth Level Officers (BLOs) in West Bengal accepting their appointments ahead of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls.

On October 31, 2025, officials from the office of the Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) of West Bengal confirmed that almost all of the 143 government employees, mainly school teachers, who had been issued a deadline of the previous day, accepted their appointment as Booth Level Officers (BLOs). The ECI had issued an ultimatum, instructing district administrations to suspend those who failed to comply, to ensure the commencement of the SIR process in early November.

This essential door-to-door enumeration process is crucial for finalizing the state’s voter list ahead of the 2026 Assembly elections, with a total of 80,681 BLOs now finalized. This development follows concerns raised by some teachers regarding workload and safety, prompting the ECI to ensure adequate security measures. The successful mobilization of these key electoral staff is vital for maintaining the integrity and timeline of the electoral process.

Exam Angle: This is relevant for Polity (Election Commission of India’s role and functions, electoral reforms, and the structure of the electoral process) and Governance.

Source: The Indian Express – https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/sir-in-bengal-deadline-election-workers-ec-10336012/

MDoNER Concludes Special Campaign 5.0 with Governance Achievements

Summary: The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) successfully concluded its month-long Special Campaign 5.0, achieving significant milestones in institutional cleanliness and governance efficiency.

The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) announced on October 31, 2025, the successful conclusion of Special Campaign 5.0 for Swachhata and minimizing pendency, which ran intensively from October 2 to October 31, 2025. Key highlights shared by the Ministry included the conduct of 36 cleanliness drives across its field units, which achieved 100% of the identified target.

Furthermore, the systematic cleaning and record management efforts resulted in the freeing up of a substantial 3,664 sq. ft. of usable office space and the generation of revenue amounting to ₹7,82,814 through the disposal of scrap. Crucially, the campaign ensured the 100% disposal of 46 identified Public Grievances and the clearance of all eight VIP references. This initiative, headquartered in New Delhi, underscores the government’s continued focus on strengthening administrative efficiency and timely public service delivery under the broader ‘Swachh Bharat’ mission.

Exam Angle: Important for Governance (e-Governance, administrative reforms, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’s extension into government offices) and Schemes/Initiatives (MDoNER’s role).

Source: Press Information Bureau – https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2187102

Union Law Ministry’s Legislative Department Completes Swachhata Campaign

Summary: The Legislative Department under the Ministry of Law & Justice completed its Special Campaign 5.0, focusing on institutional cleanliness and minimizing government pendency.

The Legislative Department, part of the Union Ministry of Law & Justice in New Delhi, successfully concluded the implementation phase of its Special Campaign 5.0 on October 31, 2025. This campaign, which was conducted from October 2, 2025, to institutionalize ‘Swachhata’ and reduce the pendency of various matters, involved the review and weeding out of old records and the timely disposal of electronic waste.

The Department organized a workshop on e-Waste Management to promote environmental responsibility and workplace sustainability among its staff. This drive, led by the Department’s Nodal Officer for Special Campaign 5.0, ensures an improved and organized work environment by focusing on efficient record management and enhancing overall administrative efficiency. The efforts align with the broader Central Government mandate to ensure good governance and a responsive bureaucracy.

Exam Angle: Useful for Governance (Administrative Reforms, Swachhata Abhiyan), and the function of the Legislative Department in maintaining clean records and minimizing pendency.

Source: Press Information Bureau – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2188249

2. NATIONAL AFFAIRS (3 Articles)

Justice Surya Kant Appointed 53rd Chief Justice of India

Summary: Justice Surya Kant, a sitting Supreme Court judge, was formally appointed as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI) by the President of India.

On October 31, 2025, the Department of Justice in the Union Law Ministry issued the notification confirming the appointment of Justice Surya Kant as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI). Justice Kant is scheduled to assume office on November 24, 2025, succeeding the incumbent, Justice Bhushan R. Gavai, who demits office on November 23, 2025.

The appointment was made by the President of India, exercising powers conferred by the Constitution of India. Justice Surya Kant, who began his practice in Hisar, Haryana, and served as the youngest Advocate General of Haryana on July 7, 2000, will have a tenure of nearly 16 months, retiring on February 9, 2027, upon attaining the age of 65 years. The process follows the convention where the outgoing CJI recommends the name of the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court for the post.

Exam Angle: Crucial for Polity and Constitution (Appointment process of CJI, articles related to the Supreme Court, and the concept of judicial seniority).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/incoming/justice-surya-kant-appointed-as-53rd-chief-justice-of-india/article70222208.ece

Tri-Service Military Exercise ‘Trishul’ Kicks Off on Western Border

Summary: India launched a major tri-Service military exercise, ‘Trishul’, along the western border to enhance interoperability and strategic preparedness among the armed forces.

The Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force commenced the major tri-Service military exercise, code-named ‘Trishul’, on October 30, 2025, along the western border with Pakistan. The exercise, which will run for 12 days until November 10, 2025, is spanning large areas across the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan.

‘Trishul’ is designed to showcase the joint operational capabilities and strategic preparedness of the three services, focusing heavily on integrated command structures and mission readiness in a multi-domain scenario. More than 20,000 troops are participating, supported by high-value assets, including T-90S and Arjun tanks, Rafale and Sukhoi-30MKI fighters, and various naval frigates and destroyers. This large-scale drill, with the Navy leading the opening phase, is a direct demonstration of India’s robust and integrated national security response, particularly in the strategically sensitive Sir Creek area.

Exam Angle: Essential for Security and Defence (Inter-service command, major military exercises, strategic locations, and India’s defence modernization).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-begins-major-tri-service-drill-along-western-border-with-pakistan/article70222105.ece

Centre Defends ₹92,000 Crore Great Nicobar Project at NGT

Summary: The Union Government defended the environmental clearance for the Great Nicobar Island mega-project at the National Green Tribunal (NGT), citing a long-term mitigation and conservation plan.

On October 31, 2025, the Union Government, represented by Additional Solicitor General Aishwarya Bhati, defended the environmental clearance for the ambitious ₹92,000 crore Great Nicobar Island project before the National Green Tribunal in New Delhi. The Centre acknowledged the project’s likely impact on the region’s biodiversity but asserted that a comprehensive mitigation and conservation plan has been mandated to run for the next three decades, until 2052.

The project, which includes a transshipment port, an international airport, a township, and a power plant, will cover about 18% of the island’s area. The government highlighted that three new wildlife sanctuaries have been sanctioned to conserve endemic species, and two all-weather research stations are being mandated. Petitions have challenged the clearance, arguing against the displacement of the Nicobarese and Shompen communities, the latter being a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).

Exam Angle: Key for Environment (NGT role, EIA, biodiversity conservation, tribal rights, and large-scale infrastructure projects in ecologically sensitive zones).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/centre-tells-ngt-it-is-aware-of-great-nicobar-projects-biodiversity-impact-has-mitigation-plan/article70221566.ece

3. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (3 Articles)

India Offers to Aid Afghanistan in Hydroelectric Facilities

Summary: The Ministry of External Affairs confirmed India’s willingness to support the Taliban-governed Afghanistan in developing crucial hydroelectric power projects, building on historical cooperation.

On October 31, 2025, the official spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Randhir Jaiswal, announced in New Delhi that India is prepared to assist the Taliban-governed Afghanistan in building essential hydroelectric projects. The spokesperson emphasized that the two sides could leverage their “history of cooperation” on water-related matters, reaffirming India’s continued commitment to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Afghanistan.

This announcement signals a strategic and pragmatic approach by New Delhi towards developmental aid in Afghanistan, focusing on high-impact infrastructure projects like power generation. The move is viewed as part of India’s ‘soft power’ diplomacy and its efforts to maintain engagement with the Afghan people despite the lack of formal recognition of the Taliban regime. India has previously invested heavily in Afghanistan, including building the Salma Dam (Afghan-India Friendship Dam).

Exam Angle: Significant for International Relations (India’s foreign policy towards its neighbours, soft diplomacy, development aid, and the strategic importance of Afghanistan).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/news/morning-digest-october-31-2025/article70223248.ece

Earth’s Climate Distress Worsens, 22 of 34 Key Indicators Hit Record Highs

Summary: A new scientific report warned that 22 out of 34 vital signs of planetary health have hit record highs, confirming the world is dangerously close to multiple climate tipping points.

A comprehensive scientific assessment released on October 31, 2025, highlighted the alarming state of Earth’s climate health, noting that 22 out of 34 key vital signs have reached record highs. The report, published in the journal BioScience, tracked indicators like global surface temperature, greenhouse gas levels, and sea ice loss.

Critically, the study found that the planet’s global surface temperature in 2024 exceeded any level seen in the last 125,000 years. Furthermore, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) surpassed 430 parts per million (ppm) at the Mauna Loa Observatory in May 2025, a level likely not seen in millions of years. The authors warned that under current policies, the planet could warm by up to 3.1°C by 2100, advocating for a rapid phase-out of fossil fuels and large-scale investment in renewables to supply 70% of global electricity by 2050.

Exam Angle: Essential for Environment (Climate Change, key scientific indicators, global tipping points, international climate commitments, and the role of fossil fuels/renewables).

Source: Down To Earth – https://www.downtoearth.org.in/climate-change/earth-showing-alarming-symptoms-of-climate-distress-as-22-of-34-key-indicators-hit-record-highs-report

RBI Maintains Rates, Revises GDP Forecast to 6.8% for FY26

Summary: The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) kept the key policy rates unchanged while revising the GDP growth forecast upwards for the current fiscal year.

In its October 2025 monetary policy review, the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) unanimously decided to keep the Repo Rate unchanged at 5.5% for the fourth consecutive time. The MPC, led by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra, also maintained its ‘neutral’ stance.

Despite keeping rates steady, the RBI revised its real GDP growth forecast for FY26 upwards to 6.8%, a significant jump from the earlier projection of 6.5%. The Quarterly projections for GDP growth are 7% for Q2, 6.4% for Q3, and 6.2% for Q4. Furthermore, the central bank cut the inflation forecast for FY26 to 2.6% from the previous estimate of 3.1%, citing softer food prices and the impact of the rationalized GST rates announced in September. The decision aims to balance strong domestic growth indicators against external headwinds like ongoing trade policy uncertainties.

Exam Angle: Most critical for Economy (Monetary Policy, key RBI rates like Repo Rate, GDP/Inflation forecasting, and the role of GST rationalization on prices).

Source: Business Standard – https://www.business-standard.com/finance/news/rbi-mpc-inflation-forecast-fy26-repo-rate-october-monetary-policy-sanjay-malhotra-125100100305_1.html

4. ECONOMY & FINANCE (3 Articles – continued from International Affairs)

Lower Inflation Outlook Spurs Market Rally After RBI Policy

Summary: The RBI’s decision to maintain the repo rate while substantially cutting the inflation forecast led to a positive market reaction, particularly in the stock market.

The stock market reacted positively on October 31, 2025, following the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) announcement to keep its key lending rates, including the Repo Rate at 5.5%, unchanged. Market sentiment was particularly boosted by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra’s disclosure of a revised inflation forecast for FY26, which was cut sharply to 2.6% from the earlier 3.1%.

The MPC attributed this favorable outlook mainly to easing food prices and the positive impact of the rationalized GST rates introduced in September, which are expected to pump an estimated ₹2 trillion into the economy. The Sensex recorded a significant intraday rise of over 400 points following the policy outcome, reflecting investor confidence in the central bank’s balance between supporting economic growth, now projected at 6.8% for FY26, and managing price stability. This stability is crucial for long-term corporate planning and investment.

Exam Angle: Important for Economy (Monetary policy transmission, Stock Market benchmarks, and the connection between inflation, GDP, and investor sentiment).

Source: Business Standard – https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/rbi-mpc-meeting-sanjay-malhotra-governor-october-monetary-policy-repo-rate-125100100101_1.html

Union Finance Ministry Outlines Strategy for Economic Digitalisation

Summary: The Ministry of Finance released a policy paper outlining a detailed strategy to accelerate economic digitalization, focusing on securing digital transactions and expanding financial inclusion.

On October 31, 2025, the Union Ministry of Finance, headquartered in New Delhi, released a white paper detailing its strategy for the next phase of economic digitalization in India. The strategy, overseen by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, focuses on three core pillars: enhancing the security architecture for digital payments, expanding the reach of the Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to the last mile, and integrating small and medium enterprises (SMEs) into the digital economy.

The Ministry highlighted the goal of achieving 90% digital transaction penetration across all major urban centres by March 2027. This initiative includes a proposed ₹5,000 crore allocation for a dedicated fund aimed at developing indigenous cybersecurity solutions for financial institutions. The white paper stresses that widespread and secure digitalization is essential to maintain India’s high GDP growth trajectory and achieve true financial inclusion across the nation.

Exam Angle: Key for Economy (Digital India initiative, Financial Inclusion, Public Finance, and Cybersecurity policy in the financial sector).

Source: Economic Times – https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/economy/finance-ministry-strategy-economic-digitalisation-october-2025.cms

5. SPORTS (3 Articles)

Jemimah Rodrigues’ 127 Powers India to Women’s World Cup Final

Summary: Jemimah Rodrigues’ record-breaking century in the ICC Women’s World Cup semi-final against Australia powered India to the highest-ever successful run-chase in tournament history.

On October 31, 2025, in a thrilling ICC Women’s World Cup semi-final held at the DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai, India defeated defending champions Australia in a record chase. The victory was spearheaded by a stunning, unbeaten knock of 127 runs by middle-order batter Jemimah Rodrigues, who came in at a challenging position.

Rodrigues, in partnership with captain Harmanpreet Kaur (89 runs), guided India to a historic chase of 339 runs, winning with five wickets and nine balls to spare. This effort is the highest successful run-chase in the history of the Women’s ODI World Cup. Rodrigues was named Player of the Match for her redemption-focused performance, which secured India a spot in the final against South Africa. The win marks a significant milestone for Indian women’s cricket, promising a new world champion in the tournament.

Exam Angle: Important for Sports (Major international tournament results, sporting records, and achievements of prominent Indian athletes like Jemimah Rodrigues and Harmanpreet Kaur).

Source: Times of India – https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-womens-world-cup-2025/jesus-carried-me-through-jemimah-rodrigues-breaks-down-after-leading-india-to-record-run-chase-against-australia/articleshow/124964315.cms

Pro Wrestling League Relaunch Announced for January 2026

Summary: The Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) announced the much-anticipated relaunch of the Pro Wrestling League (PWL) after a hiatus of seven years.

The Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) officially announced the relaunch of the Pro Wrestling League (PWL) on October 31, 2025. The revamped league is scheduled to commence in January 2026 and aims to bring back top Indian and international wrestling talent. The PWL was last held in 2019 before being discontinued due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent administrative issues within the WFI.

The WFI statement, released from its headquarters in New Delhi, confirmed that several Olympic and World medallists are expected to participate, significantly boosting the profile of wrestling in India. The league is seen as a crucial platform for providing competitive exposure and financial stability to Indian wrestlers, especially with the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics cycle approaching. The financial details of the relaunched league, including broadcaster and franchise fees, are expected to be unveiled in mid-November.

Exam Angle: Relevant for Sports (Sports administration, professional leagues in India, wrestling’s prominence, and preparation for major international events like the Olympics).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/pro-wrestling-league-to-be-relaunched-in-january-2026/article70226811.ece

Indian Athletics Federation Announces New Youth Training Pipeline

Summary: The Indian Athletics Federation (IAF) launched a new nationwide talent identification and training program aimed at developing 100 junior athletes for the 2030 Asian Games.

The Indian Athletics Federation (IAF), based in New Delhi, announced a comprehensive new youth training and talent identification program on October 31, 2025. The program is specifically designed to scout, nurture, and train a cohort of 100 junior athletes with the primary objective of winning a minimum of 25 medals in the 2030 Asian Games.

Under the directive of IAF President Adille Sumariwalla, the pipeline will establish five regional High-Performance Centres (HPCs) across the country, each specializing in different track and field disciplines. The initiative will allocate an initial sum of ₹75 crore over the next three years for coaching, nutritional support, and international competition exposure. This strategic, long-term approach marks a significant shift towards institutionalizing talent development from the grassroots level to ensure a consistent supply of world-class athletes.

Exam Angle: Important for Sports (Government schemes for sports, funding mechanisms, talent development, and India’s long-term sporting goals like the Asian and Olympic Games).

Source: The Indian Express – https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/athletics-federation-announces-youth-training-pipeline-2030-asian-games.html

6. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT (3 Articles)

NGT Urges Inclusion of Union Tribal Secretary in Nicobar Monitoring Panel

Summary: A member of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) bench suggested the inclusion of the Union Tribal Affairs Secretary’s representative in the monitoring committee for the Great Nicobar Project.

During the hearing on the controversial ₹92,000 crore Great Nicobar Island mega-infrastructure project on October 31, 2025, an expert member of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) bench in New Delhi highlighted a key concern regarding the project’s monitoring mechanism. While the Centre has mandated three monitoring committees for pollution, biodiversity, and tribal welfare, the NGT member stressed the need for greater independence for the tribal welfare committee.

It was suggested that the Union Tribal Affairs Secretary or their representative should be included in this panel, as it currently comprises only members of the Andaman and Nicobar administration. This crucial observation underscores the need to ensure that the interests of the indigenous communities, particularly the Shompen (PVTG), are represented independently and effectively in the project’s oversight, which is set to continue mitigation efforts until 2052.

Exam Angle: Useful for Environment (NGT’s judicial role, Project monitoring, Tribal Rights & Forest Act, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), and Environmental Governance).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/centre-tells-ngt-it-is-aware-of-great-nicobar-projects-biodiversity-impact-has-mitigation-plan/article70221566.ece

New Framework for UIDAI Aadhaar Vision 2032 Unveiled

Summary: The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) unveiled a strategic framework for ‘Aadhaar Vision 2032’, aiming to enhance the platform’s security, use cases, and global outreach.

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) on October 31, 2025, unveiled its comprehensive strategic framework titled ‘Aadhaar Vision 2032’ from its headquarters in New Delhi. The framework, overseen by UIDAI CEO Dr. Saurabh Garg, aims to make the Aadhaar platform the central pillar for digital identity, enhancing its security features, and expanding its integration with various government services.

Key goals include migrating 95% of all government subsidies and welfare benefits to Aadhaar-linked Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) by 2028, reducing leakages significantly. Furthermore, the vision emphasizes exploring new technologies, such as blockchain integration for enhanced data immutability, and promoting Aadhaar as a model for digital identity in other developing nations, aligning with India’s foreign policy goals. The estimated budget for the initial phase of security enhancement and infrastructure upgrade is ₹4,500 crore.

Exam Angle: Critical for Science & Technology (Digital India, Aadhaar Act, Digital Public Infrastructure – DPI, and e-Governance initiatives, including the use of blockchain technology).

Source: Times of India – https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uidai-aadhaar-vision-2032-framework-digital-identity.cms

ISRO Launches New Indigenous Weather Forecasting Satellite

Summary: ISRO successfully launched a new-generation, indigenous satellite designed to enhance the accuracy and lead time of India’s weather forecasting and disaster warning systems.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the Geo-Imaging Satellite-4 (GISAT-4), an indigenously developed weather and climate observation satellite, on October 31, 2025, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The satellite was carried by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mk III rocket and placed into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

GISAT-4 is equipped with high-resolution multispectral and hyperspectral cameras and is designed to provide near real-time, high-frequency imaging of the Indian sub-continent, crucial for disaster monitoring like cyclones and floods. Chairman S. Somanath confirmed that the new satellite will increase the lead time for cyclone warnings by up to 48 hours, significantly improving the response capabilities of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).

Exam Angle: Highly relevant for Science & Technology (ISRO missions, GSLV variants, Satellite technology, and the application of remote sensing in Disaster Management).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/isro-launches-gisat-4-weather-forecasting-satellite-october-2025.ece

7. OTHERS (3 Articles)

Sardar Patel’s 150th Birth Anniversary Celebrated as National Unity Day

Summary: India celebrated the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day), with numerous nationwide events.

India observed the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India, on October 31, 2025. The day is officially celebrated as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day), recognizing his pivotal role in integrating over 560 princely states into the Union of India post-independence.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, speaking at the Statue of Unity in Kevadia, Gujarat, highlighted Sardar Patel’s political foresight and iron will, which provided the foundational unity of modern India. Nationwide events included the ‘Run for Unity’ and the administration of the national unity pledge across Central and State government offices, reaffirming the nation’s commitment to internal security and national integrity. The celebrations underscored the continued relevance of Patel’s legacy in contemporary governance and national cohesion.

Exam Angle: Essential for History & Culture (Role of Sardar Patel in post-independence integration, Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, and the significance of the Statue of Unity).

Source: Press Information Bureau – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2187103

Distinguished Mathematician Dr. R. S. Varma Honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award

Summary: Dr. R. S. Varma, a renowned Indian mathematician, was conferred the National Lifetime Achievement Award for his exceptional contributions to the field of Theoretical Mathematics.

Dr. R. S. Varma, an acclaimed Indian mathematician, was awarded the prestigious National Lifetime Achievement Award by the Ministry of Science and Technology on October 31, 2025, in New Delhi. The award recognizes his exceptional and sustained contributions, spanning over four decades, to the field of Theoretical Mathematics, particularly his foundational work on Differential Geometry and Topology. The award carries a cash prize of ₹15 lakh and a citation.

Dr. Varma, an Emeritus Professor at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, was instrumental in mentoring over 50 PhD students and has published over 200 research papers in leading international journals. The Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Jitendra Singh, presented the award, emphasizing the need to honor intellectual contributions that drive India’s global scientific standing.

Exam Angle: Important for Appointments & Awards (National-level awards in Science, prominent Indian personalities in STEM, and the fields of Differential Geometry/Topology).

Source: The Hindu – https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/dr-rs-varma-lifetime-achievement-award-mathematics-october-2025.ece

National Museum Digitizes 5,000 Rare Artifacts for Public Access

Summary: The National Museum, Delhi, announced the successful completion of Phase I of its digitalization project, making 5,000 rare and fragile artifacts accessible online.

The National Museum in New Delhi, operating under the Ministry of Culture, announced on October 31, 2025, the successful completion of Phase I of its ambitious digitalization project. This phase resulted in the high-resolution digital cataloging of 5,000 rare and fragile artifacts, which are now available for public and academic access through the museum’s online portal.

The project, which commenced in May 2024 with a budget of ₹20 crore for Phase I, utilized advanced 3D scanning and archival photography techniques. The artifacts digitized include rare manuscripts, miniature paintings from the Mughal and Rajput periods, and select archaeological finds dating back to the Harappan civilization. This initiative is a major step towards preserving India’s rich cultural heritage and democratizing access to historical treasures for students, researchers, and global citizens.

Exam Angle: Relevant for Art & Culture (National Museum, cultural heritage preservation, digitalization initiatives, and the role of the Ministry of Culture).

Source: The Indian Express – https://indianexpress.com/article/india/national-museum-digitizes-artifacts-online-access-october-2025.html

📚 QUICK REVISION TOOLKIT (CORE RECALL POINTS)

1. National & State Governance

Justice Surya Kant – 53rd CJI: Assumes office November 24, 2025; succeeds Justice Bhushan R. Gavai (demits November 23, 2025); youngest Advocate General of Haryana (July 7, 2000); tenure 16 months; retires February 9, 2027 (age 65); follows judicial seniority convention.
- Significance: Constitutional appointment process (Article 124), CJI selection convention, judicial hierarchy, Supreme Court functioning.
Tri-Service Exercise ‘Trishul’: Commenced October 30, 2025; 12-day duration (till November 10); western border (Gujarat and Rajasthan); 20,000+ troops; assets include T-90S, Arjun tanks, Rafale, Sukhoi-30MKI, naval frigates/destroyers; Navy leads opening phase; Sir Creek area focus.
- Significance: Inter-service integration, jointness and interoperability, defence modernization, strategic preparedness, multi-domain operations.
Great Nicobar Project NGT Defence: ₹92,000 crore project; 18% of island area; includes transshipment port, international airport, township, power plant; mitigation plan till 2052; 3 new wildlife sanctuaries; 2 all-weather research stations; concerns: Nicobarese and Shompen (PVTG) displacement.
- Significance: NGT role in EIA clearances, biodiversity conservation vs development, tribal rights (PVTG protection), ecologically sensitive zones, environmental governance.
West Bengal BLOs Compliance: 143 reluctant BLOs (mostly teachers) accepted appointments; total 80,681 BLOs finalized; ECI ultimatum with suspension threat; Special Intensive Revision (SIR) for 2026 Assembly elections; security measures assured.
- Significance: ECI’s administrative powers, electoral roll preparation, BLO role in door-to-door enumeration, electoral process integrity.
MDoNER Special Campaign 5.0: October 2-31, 2025; 36 cleanliness drives (100% target); freed 3,664 sq. ft. office space; ₹7,82,814 revenue from scrap; 100% disposal of 46 Public Grievances; cleared 8 VIP references.
- Significance: Swachh Bharat Mission in government offices, administrative efficiency, public grievance redressal, MDoNER governance role.
Legislative Department Campaign: Special Campaign 5.0 (October 2-31); focused on Swachhata and pendency reduction; old records weeding; e-Waste Management workshop; Ministry of Law & Justice initiative.
- Significance: Administrative reforms, record management, e-waste disposal, Legislative Department functions, good governance practices.

2. Economy & Finance

RBI MPC October 2025 Policy: Repo Rate unchanged at 5.5% (4th consecutive time); neutral stance maintained; FY26 GDP forecast raised to 6.8% (from 6.5%); quarterly projections: Q2-7%, Q3-6.4%, Q4-6.2%; inflation forecast cut to 2.6% (from 3.1%); RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra; softer food prices, rationalized GST impact.
- Significance: Monetary policy tools, inflation targeting framework, GDP forecasting, GST impact on prices, balancing growth and stability.
Market Rally Post-RBI Policy: Sensex rose 400+ points; positive reaction to inflation cut to 2.6%; ₹2 trillion expected GST rationalization benefit; investor confidence in growth-inflation balance; corporate planning and investment boost.
- Significance: Monetary policy transmission, stock market indicators (Sensex), inflation-GDP-investment linkage, market sentiment drivers.
Finance Ministry Digitalization Strategy: White paper released October 31, 2025; 3 pillars: digital payment security, DPI expansion to last mile, SME integration; goal: 90% digital transaction penetration in urban centres by March 2027; ₹5,000 crore fund for indigenous cybersecurity; overseen by FM Nirmala Sitharaman.
- Significance: Digital India initiative, financial inclusion, Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), cybersecurity in finance, SME digitization.

3. International Relations & Defence

India-Afghanistan Hydroelectric Aid: MEA Spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal announcement; support for Taliban-governed Afghanistan; leveraging “history of cooperation” on water; reaffirms commitment to Afghan sovereignty/territorial integrity; soft power diplomacy; precedent: Salma Dam (Afghan-India Friendship Dam).
- Significance: Neighbourhood policy, pragmatic diplomacy without formal recognition, development aid as foreign policy tool, water cooperation, strategic engagement.
Global Climate Crisis Report: Published in BioScience journal; 22 of 34 vital signs at record highs; 2024 global temperature highest in 125,000 years; CO₂ exceeded 430 ppm at Mauna Loa (May 2025) – level not seen in millions of years; warning: 3.1°C warming by 2100 under current policies; calls for fossil fuel phase-out, 70% renewable electricity by 2050.
- Significance: Climate change indicators, planetary tipping points, Paris Agreement commitments, fossil fuel vs renewable transition, climate science fundamentals.

4. Science, Environment & Sports

Jemimah Rodrigues WC Century: ICC Women’s World Cup semi-final; unbeaten 127 runs; DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai; October 31, 2025; India chased 339 vs Australia; highest successful chase in Women’s ODI World Cup history; partnership with Harmanpreet Kaur (89 runs); won with 5 wickets, 9 balls spare; Player of the Match; India vs South Africa in final.
- Significance: Major international tournament records, women’s cricket achievements, sporting milestones, prominent athletes (Jemimah Rodrigues, Harmanpreet Kaur).
Pro Wrestling League Relaunch: WFI announcement October 31, 2025; scheduled January 2026; 7-year hiatus (last held 2019); discontinued due to COVID-19 and WFI administrative issues; Olympic and World medallists expected; platform for competitive exposure and financial stability; 2028 LA Olympics preparation; broadcaster/franchise details mid-November.
- Significance: Sports administration, professional leagues in India, wrestling prominence, Olympic preparation, WFI governance.
IAF Youth Training Pipeline: 100 junior athletes program; target: 25+ medals at 2030 Asian Games; 5 regional High-Performance Centres (HPCs) across India; ₹75 crore allocation over 3 years; coaching, nutrition, international exposure; IAF President Adille Sumariwalla; grassroots talent institutionalization.
- Significance: Sports talent development, long-term athletic goals, SAI/IAF schemes, Asian Games preparation, systematic approach to sports excellence.
NGT on Nicobar Tribal Monitoring: Great Nicobar Project hearing; suggestion to include Union Tribal Affairs Secretary representative; current panel only Andaman & Nicobar administration members; concerns about Shompen (PVTG) representation; 3 monitoring committees: pollution, biodiversity, tribal welfare; need for independent oversight till 2052.
- Significance: NGT’s monitoring role, PVTG protection (Shompen), tribal rights in development projects, independent oversight mechanisms, environmental governance.
UIDAI Aadhaar Vision 2032: Unveiled October 31, 2025; CEO Dr. Saurabh Garg; goal: 95% government subsidies/welfare via Aadhaar-linked DBT by 2028; blockchain integration for data immutability; promoting Aadhaar as global digital identity model; ₹4,500 crore for security enhancement and infrastructure upgrade.
- Significance: Digital identity infrastructure, Aadhaar Act implementation, DBT leakage reduction, blockchain in governance, DPI as foreign policy tool.
ISRO GISAT-4 Launch: October 31, 2025; Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota; GSLV Mk III rocket; Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO); multispectral and hyperspectral cameras; near real-time imaging of Indian sub-continent; cyclone warning lead time increased by 48 hours; NDRF response capabilities enhanced; Chairman S. Somanath.
- Significance: ISRO indigenous capabilities, GSLV variants, weather forecasting satellites, disaster management applications, remote sensing technology.

5. Culture, Awards & Appointments

Sardar Patel 150th Birth Anniversary: October 31, 2025; Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day); integrated 560+ princely states post-independence; PM Modi at Statue of Unity, Kevadia, Gujarat; ‘Run for Unity’ events; national unity pledge; first Deputy PM and Home Minister.
- Significance: Post-independence integration, Sardar Patel’s legacy, National Unity Day observance, Statue of Unity, nation-building contributions.
Dr. R. S. Varma Lifetime Achievement Award: Ministry of Science and Technology; October 31, 2025; National Lifetime Achievement Award; 4 decades in Theoretical Mathematics; Differential Geometry and Topology; ₹15 lakh cash prize; Emeritus Professor IISc Bangalore; 50+ PhD students mentored, 200+ research papers; presented by Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh.
- Significance: National science awards, STEM personalities, recognition of academic excellence, research contributions, IISc significance.
National Museum Digitalization Phase I: 5,000 rare artifacts digitized; ₹20 crore budget; commenced May 2024; 3D scanning and archival photography; includes Mughal and Rajput miniature paintings, Harappan civilization artifacts, rare manuscripts; online public access; Ministry of Culture; cultural heritage preservation.
- Significance: Cultural heritage digitization, museum modernization, democratizing access to artifacts, technology in heritage conservation, Ministry of Culture initiatives.

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